This session explores the technological and symbolic dimensions of microlithic tool industries and rock art traditions across South Asia, emphasizing their role in understanding prehistoric human behavior, adaptation, and mobility. South Asia, with its vast ecological diversity and deep archaeological record, offers unique insights into how microlith-using communities adapted to varied environmental and climatic shifts during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. Regional technological trajectories, raw material use, subsistence strategies, and artistic expressions will be analyzed in light of cognitive evolution and climatic fluctuations. Interdisciplinary contributions from archaeology, geoarchaeology, palaeoenvironmental science, and cognitive archaeology are encouraged. The session will also address heritage preservation strategies and community participation in conserving this shared prehistoric legacy.