The Late Holocene, spanning key climatic episodes from the Roman Warm Period to the Little Ice Age and culminating in the Anthropocene, has witnessed substantial climate variability with profound environmental and societal implications. This session seeks to explore the underlying forcing mechanisms, spatiotemporal patterns, and ecological and human responses to these climatic shifts through a multidisciplinary lens. We welcome contributions focusing on natural drivers such as solar variability, volcanic eruptions, and ocean-atmosphere dynamics, as well as records derived from archaeological, paleoecological, and geochemical investigations that reflect both natural and anthropogenic imprints. Emphasis will be placed on proxy-based reconstructions, including biotic and abiotic indicators, and integrative model-data approaches that shed light on past climate sensitivity and system resilience. The overarching goal is to bridge paleoclimatology and environmental archaeology by contextualizing Late Holocene climate dynamics and societal adaptation, thereby enriching contemporary climate discourse for the Quaternary science community.