Earth's geomorphological features continuously evolve due to the intricate interplay of climate, tectonics, and human activities. Endogenic tectonic processes create new landforms, while exogenic processes reshape existing ones. Riverine landscapes, in particular, are highly sensitive to tectonic forcing and climatic perturbations. The interaction between tectonics and climate is widely regarded as a primary driver of landscape evolution. In dynamic mountain belts such as the Himalaya, Alps, Andes, and Rockies, processes like hillslope erosion, river aggradation and incision, rock uplift, and the presence of fragile lithologies contribute to a steady-state topographic evolution. However, this equilibrium is periodically disrupted by tectonic and climatic shifts. During the Quaternary period, repeated glacial–interglacial cycles and tectonic pulses extensively reworked these landscapes, mobilizing and evacuating vast quantities of sediment from mountain chains. This session aims to explore the mechanisms of landscape development, sediment production and transport, and fluvial responses to climate–tectonic coupling.