This session explores fire as a long-term agent of ecological and cultural change, drawing on palaeoecological, archaeological, dendrochronological, and environmental evidence. A meaningful understanding of ecosystem resilience to fire requires examining wildfire–vegetation–climate–human relationships across decadal to millennial timescales. We invite contributions examining fire histories through data on charcoal, pollen, geochemistry of sediments, tree-ring fire-scars, ecological monitoring and remote-sensing, as well as studies on Indigenous and traditional fire management practices. The session will showcase methodological and theoretical advances in fire ecology and palaeofire research, fostering a cross-disciplinary dialogue on pyroscapes and ecosystem resilience. It also marks ~50 years since Dr. Gurdip Singh’s pioneering work on fire and vegetation at Lake George, Australia, which revealed the deep-time signature of cultural burning and continues to shape global fire research.