Quaternary research on islands around the globe has revealed detailed records of climate change, biogeographic dynamics, and ecosystem responses to human interactions across diverse geographic settings. This session explores how multi-proxy palaeoecological approaches are now being used to reconstruct past environmental change utilizing sedimentary, biological, and geochemical archives from oceanic islands worldwide. Key topics include: novel techniques quantifying ecosystem change due to human arrival; the response of endemic flora to past and future climate change; understanding island ecosystem resilience to disturbances; and applying palaeo-data to test ecological and island biogeographic theory. By examining island records across latitudes and ocean basins, this session will advance our understanding of the patterns and pace of long-term biodiversity change and island sensitivity to global environmental transformations during the Anthropocene.