The Anthropocene marks a critical epoch defined by human-induced climate change and its ecological impacts. It highlights the rising risk of regime shifts—abrupt, lasting reorganizations in ecosystem structure, function, and feedbacks. Irreversible climate changes have triggered tipping points affecting ecological balance, accelerating warming, and disrupting ecosystems and societies. Aquatic systems—rivers, lakes, wetlands, estuaries—face immense pressure from both natural variability (e.g., precipitation, succession, sediment transport) and human activities (e.g., pollution, land-use change), undermining their integrity. Understanding the interplay between these forces is key to reconstructing past climates and crafting effective restoration strategies. This session explores interdisciplinary insights into ecosystem transformation, aiming to advance sustainable aquatic resource management and mitigation efforts.