Quaternary soils are an important paleoclimatic archive. Their ability to preserve evidence of past environments makes them a powerful archive of past climate changes that can be investigated through a range of laboratory methods, including sedimentological, mineralogical, geochemical, and micromorphological analyses. At the same time, soils—being ancient topographic surfaces—were widely exploited and inhabited by human communities since prehistory. They preserve traces of the materials produced by these communities, their subsistence strategies, and the types of land use they adopted. Thus, studying soils in archaeological sites allows us to reconstruct the dynamics of ancient communities. This session aims to bring together soil science specialists to discuss the multiple potentials of paleopedology in the fields of climate change and geoarchaeology, with a particular focus on identifying evidence of climate–human interaction throughout the Quaternary.