Speleothems are excellent in recording hydroclimate changes and can be precisely dated by the U-series technique. Multiple proxies (stable isotopes, trace elements) anchored to low-uncertainty age models in speleothems allow evaluation of processes driving changes in moisture source, monsoon intensity, and seasonality at diverse spatial, local to regional, and temporal scales. While marine sediments are ideal for understanding atmosphere-ocean feedback processes through the Quaternary. Paired terrestrial and marine investigations provide a broader knowledge of climate processes. With the development of climate models (including isotope-enabled), comparing proxy records against simulations permits a process-based understanding of climate dynamics driving hydroclimate variability. This session aims to bring together studies presenting insights into past climate variability (proxy, data synthesis (e.g., SISAL projects), and model comparison), using terrestrial and marine archives.