Quaternary science, spanning the last 2.6 million years, provides vital insights into climate, ecosystems, and human societies. It offers long-term baselines for understanding present challenges like climate change, biodiversity loss, and natural hazards. Proxy records (pollen, phytoliths, sediments, isotopes) reconstruct past climates, monsoon patterns, and extreme events, aiding models and adaptation strategies. It also tracks biotic evolution, extinction, and species migration, supporting conservation by identifying refugia and resilience patterns. Geoarchaeological studies revea+l how past societies responded to environmental stress, informing current socio-ecological resilience. Sedimentary evidence and geomorphic markers support disaster risk assessment and land-use planning. Integrating Traditional Ecological Knowledge enhances this understanding, offering community-driven solutions. Quaternary science thus bridges past and present, informing a sustainable future.