As a result of the dual biodiversity and climate crisis, Islands, as geographic and socioeconomic entities, are faced with great challenges. Sea level rise, desertification, and biocultural diversity depletion are just some of them. Finding solutions are challenging, however. For millennia, islands around the world have been altered by humans. This makes it difficult to differentiate natural from human landscapes and processes in order to implement restoration solutions. This session will use lessons from the past to leverage solutions for the present. It will bring together experts in archaeology, climate, palaeontology, geography, biology, genetics, and allied earth sciences to consider human-environment interactions on islands since the Late Pleistocene. Its ultimate aim is to make a contribution to building resilience strategies founded upon the knowledge gained from the multiplicity and diversity of prehistoric island legacies.