Understanding prehistoric lifeways and subsistence patterns has inherent ties to taphonomy. Neo-taphonomy, the actualistic study of taphonomic processes, has enhanced our skill to decode prehistoric records via replicable frameworks grounded in modern analogues. This session seeks to gather scholars in palaeontology, archaeozoology, geoarchaeology, and palaeoecology who use taphonomic and neo-taphonomic methods on prehistoric sites and explore how studies on carnivory, bone weathering, and burial processes, etc., refine interpretations of archaeological and fossil assemblages. We welcome papers combining empirical research, methodological innovation, and theory to address bias, equifinality, and the complexity of human-environment interaction and site interpretation.