The hydroclimate and tectonic processes control the weathering, sediment distribution and geochemical make up of sediments. The chemical weathering modulates atmospheric CO2 through silicate weathering and oxidation of organic carbon. Large mountain rivers and the adjoining sedimentary basins are an important archive for tracking the surface processes in the geological history and their relation to Earth’s climate and tectonic evolution. The proposed session invites research papers dealing with: (a) Chemical weathering, provenance characteristics, and carbon dioxide budget based on the geochemistry of fluvial and marginal basins. (b) Impact of hydrodynamic and floodplains processes on the geochemical and sedimentary budgeting. (c) Quaternary climate shifts and tectonic activity in shaping the landscape, sediment production and routing, and basin evolution and (d_ Large dataset based statistical model simulations for global sediment and carbon budgeting.