Although current concerns about human impact on the Planet are framed around greenhouse gas emissions and global climate change, human agency on landscapes began around 12,000 years ago, becoming more significant 3,000 years ago as intensive land use started altering geomorphological processes and ecosystems. This led to the creation of anthropogenic landforms—landesque capital features—such as terraces, anthropogenic soils, lynchets, canals, field boundaries, and agroforestry, which had lasting effects—often salubrious — on ecosystem functions. In effect these features were and became nature-based solutions. This session invites contributions on human-driven landscape transformation since Prehistory, focusing on the introduction of landesque features and their role, alongside late Quaternary climate changes, in shaping long-term surface and ecosystem dynamics. We particularly welcome case studies on sustainable land use legacies viewed through the lens of ecosystem services, and their relevance to today’s environmental challenges and green strategies.