This session explores early human lifeways in the Indian subcontinent between 70,000 and 7,000 years ago, focusing on how communities adapted to dynamic environments during the Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene. During this time, people lived as hunter-gatherers, closely attuned to nature, developing flexible strategies across varied landscapes such as river valleys, forested regions, and upland zones. Dramatic shifts in climate, monsoon intensity, vegetation, and river systems altered the availability of water, food, and habitable zones. Using archaeological evidence such as stone tools, past soil depositional pattern, plant and animal remains, and cave paintings, we investigate human responses to these transformations. Changes in stone tool types, raw material variability and selection, as well as technological innovations reflect both environmental pressures and human creativity. This session highlights how archaeology helps us to understand early resilience, mobility, and the deep history of human- environment interaction in the prehistoric of South Asia.