This session investigates the population dynamics and cultural innovations of Pleistocene hominins in East Asia between MIS 4 and MIS 2, a pivotal period marked by the decline of archaic populations (e.g., Denisovans) and the expansion of Homo sapiens. New data from well-dated sites such as Shiyu (~45 ka), Xiamabei (~41–39 ka), and Yahuai Cave (~43–14 ka) reveal distinct technological trajectories, symbolic practices, and patterns of dispersal. These findings challenge traditional narratives and prompt renewed discussion on the definition and variability of Initial Upper Palaeolithic industries in Asia. We welcome multidisciplinary contributions—including archaeology, chronology, genetics, modeling, and paleoenvironmental studies—addressing cultural dynamics, mobility, innovation, and the interaction between local and incoming traditions.